Varicose veins in the legs are a specific expansion of the veins of the lower extremities, which is accompanied by a general violation of the blood flow and the valve failure. The expansion of the veins is characteristic of women and men from 40 to 60 years.
Development mechanism
The trigger in the development of a pathology such as varicose veins is considered a violation of the normal functioning of venous valves with the appearance of blood reflux (reflux - inverse current). At the cellular level, this is associated with a violation of the balance between some components of the venous wall.
The initial stage is characterized by the presence of a genetic and causal factor (prolonged stay in a sitting position, excess weight, injury, etc. ). At the same time, the so -called cutting stress parameter changes, which is a set of blood movement indicators through the vessels, to which the endothelium reacts very sensitively.
If the irritating factor acts for a long time on the wall of the glass, then the leukocytes are firmly fixed to the endothelial cells, which cause the initial stage of inflammation. The inflammatory process spreads through the venous channel of the lower extremities.
Especially quickly, such processes occur in the valves, which are subject to constant and heavy mechanical stress. However, inflammation in one leg can be more pronounced than in the other. First, it depends on the initial cause of damage to the organ, for example, in the right leg, the varicose veins may be more pronounced among athletes that emphasize it.
With damage to the valves, there is a pathological blood discharge through the mouth of large and small subcutaneous veins. Due to the restart, there is an excess of blood flow, the wall of the venous vessels occurs.
Over time, dynamic venous hypertension is developed, which is characterized by a decrease in vessel pressure, as a rule, this occurs during the walk, at the level of impossibility of guaranteeing normal blood perfusion through the tissue.
Such a process is accompanied by edema, impregnation of subcutaneous tissue with blood cells (red blood cells and leukocytes). Over time, the skin changes its color, it increases, skin pigmentation is improved. With the death of cells, which is not indecent during medical care, which leads even more to the development of trophic ulcers.
Classification of varicose veins
As of 2000, a new classification of the varicose veins of the lower extremities was developed.
Forms of varicose veins:
- Intradermal or segmental varicose veins without pathological changes;
- Segmental varicose veins with reflux of the superficial vein;
- Common varicose veins of the superficial veins;
- Varicose expansion in the presence of reflux of the deep vein.
The degree of chronic venous insufficiency:
- 0 - It does not develop;
- I - "Heavy legs" syndrome, the appearance of edema;
- II - Persistent edema, eccema, lipodermiclerosis;
- III - Trophic ulcer.
The complications of the venous expansion of the veins of the lower limb are one of the serious conditions that affect the body: thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers, erysipelas, erysipelas or bleeding.
Labor classification of the disease
By form:
- The varicose veins of the subcutaneous vein of the thigh (from the mouth) - descending varicose veins;
- Ascending varicose veins (wen defeat, legs and lower feet, starting from the bottom up);
By clinical groups:
- The first group is a segmental internal expansion of veins without perforators;
- The second group is the expansion of venous trunks fragments;
- The third group is the expansion of the subcutaneous vein of the thigh and the lower part of the leg;
- The fourth group is a varicose extension of a large and small subcutaneous vein with the presence of insolvent perforators;
- The fifth group is the expansion of superficial veins, a large and small subcutaneous vein with tissue induction.
The labor classification due to complications and the degree of chronic failure does not differ from the standard.
The reasons for the development of varicose veins
The exact reason for the development of this pathology has not yet been completely clarified, but there are a number of factors that contribute to the appearance of varicose veins:
- The genetic predisposition (the mutant gene of the structure of the vessel wall is transmitted);
- Changes in the hormonal background (pregnancy: during pregnancy, the composition of hormones in the body changes (the amount of progesterone increases and estrogen decreases), which directly affects the formation of blood coagulation factors);
- obesity (overweight leads to a sedentary lifestyle and, consequently, to a collapse);
- Diabetes mellitus (increased blood sugar in time damage the wall of the glass over time);
- alcohol abuse (a large amount of alcohol in the blood is the cause of dehydration and condensation of the blood);
- heavy physical activity;
- Congenital blood coagulation disorders;
- Irrational nutrition, errors in the diet;
- inconvenient and close underwear (constant use leads to compression of blood vessels);
- Frequent constipation (greater intra -abdominal pressure leads to a difficult blood exit in the lower extremities);
- constant walking on the heels (stagnation development and insufficient muscle movement);
- Increase in air temperature (leads to dehydration, condense blood and, consequently, to the formation of blood clots);
- cardiovascular and kidneys diseases;
- drug overdose that increase blood clotting;
- Surgical interventions (blood loss, vessel compression).
Stages of varicose veins
For this period of the development of medicine, three main stages of the development of varicose veins and the early stage are distinguished, when the disease is very difficult to notice.
The early stage of the disease is accompanied by swelling, weight, very often ill complains that the legs hurt during a long walk. These are all signs of the beginning of the pathology, it is time to begin prevention: massage, leg creams, physical activity.
The expansion of the first degree veins.This stage is characterized by all the symptoms listed above, to which vascular stars, bruises in the legs, blanket veins, visible through the skin are added. In addition, the appearance of seizures is observed at night and burns in the stop area.
The expansion of the second degree veins.At this stage, the total number of stars and nodes increases, they become more notable. Swelling appears, leg pain increases and it becomes unbearable to support it.
The expansion of third grade veins.This is the most difficult scenario, which is accompanied by serious lesions of the skin of the legs, dries, dry, lifeless and cracked. The skin at the bottom of the leg becomes dark blue, its structure and pigmentation are changing.
The third stage is the last when this pathological process can be called varicose veins. The subsequent development of processes leaves more serious diseases.
It is advisable to consult a doctor in the second stage of the development of the disease, since over time, medical care does not occur in serious consequences.
The question arises immediately: "What doctor will go? ", The answer is simply: a doctor who specializes in the pathology of the veins of the lower extremities is called phlebologist.
Clinical symptoms and veins
The main signs of this disease are numerous extensions of subcutaneous veins, so the disease is called. The beginning of the disease is usually accompanied by some characteristics and not specific.
In this state, patients feel gravity in the legs, fast fatigue during movement, sometimes ardor and cramps. In addition to pain, the disease manifests itself through the development of edema at the end of the afternoon, after a hard work day.
With a long varicose vein, symptoms such as eczema and itching appear. Patients scratch their legs, creating uncomfortable sensations. Due to the development of the disease, the skin on the veins becomes thinner, the itching places are constantly combed, which leads to the appearance of wounds.
Over time, skin color at the bottom of the leg becomes bluish. If medical care is not provided in such a situation, the development of skin hyperpigmentation and lipodermasclerosis is possible. In even more advanced stages, trophic ulcers develop.
Disease diagnosis
However, expanded variety veins are visible and are not armed with an armed appearance, however, how dangerous this condition should be found using instrumental diagnostic methods.
Currently, the most informative method is the ultrasound methodology of the duplex scan of the veins. With your aid, it is evaluated by the operation of the valves, the capacity of COUS de Cruces and the presence of blood clots. The timely study of the veins will prevent serious and irreversible consequences.
Treatment methods
How to treat varicose veins? The varicose veins completely are only possible with the help of surgical intervention. People who have a hereditary predisposition or risk factors recommend visiting a specialized doctor 2-3 times a year, for the ultrasound examination of the veins, the operation of the varicose veins is prescribed in the second stage of the development of the disease.
How much does the operation cost? The price can be committed differently, everything depends on the seriousness of the development of the disease.
Surgical treatment
Flebectomy
Indications for the elimination of veins: extensive varicose veins, pathological expansion of subcutaneous veins, trophic ulcers, acute thrombophlebitis, expansion of deep veins accompanied by general discomfort (fatigue, dizziness).
Contraindications for the disease: coronary heart disease, pregnancy, age of elderly, serious infectious diseases, inflammatory processes.
The advantage of surgical treatment is that this is the only effective method of treatment in advanced forms of the disease.
The disadvantage of this treatment: trauma, anesthesia, a long postoperative period.
Laser therapy (EVVK)
Indications: Varicose veins in the legs in combination with various serious diseases (ischemia, thrombophlebitis, asthma, bronchitis, pleuresia, ulcer, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, peritonitis, dermatitis and Eurias).
Laser treatment is contraindicated in cases where it is observed: oncology, liver disease, kidneys, heart (decompensation stage), pregnancy and cerebral sclerosis.
The advantages of such treatment are to get rid of the vascular pattern, the maximum rapid procedure, without pain and safe, does not require stationary and atraumatic observation.
Disadvantages: It is not possible at all available, expensive, the appearance of scars or clarification of the surrounding fabric.
Radiofrequency coagulation of varicose veins
Indications: varicose veins with damage to the trunk of a small and large subcutaneous vein, trophic ulcers.
Contraindications: acute thrombophlebitis form, mental disorders, pregnancy.
ADVANTAGES: No pain is required, hospitalization is not required after surgery, does not interfere with work.
Disadvantages: expensive procedure.
Sclerotherapy
Indications: varicose veins in the early stages.
Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergic reaction to sclerosing processes, purulent inflammatory of the legs, thrombosis.
The advantages of this treatment method are that financially such treatment is cheaper than surgery, rapid recovery, the best cosmetic effect.
Disadvantages: Perhaps, entering the deep veins of sclerosantes, is not sufficient effective with advanced forms of the disease.
Drug treatment
Pharmacological treatment helps improve blood vessels, valves, improves blood and lymph flow, and also eliminates inflammation, but does not heals the patient.
How to deal with?
All the necessary products of the varicose veins are divided into:
- Phlebotonics;
- non -steroidal analgesics;
- hormonal drugs;
- antiproidic;
- Aspirin -based drugs.
Home treatment
Traditional medicine provides the use of several ointments, lotions, tinctures, feet or decoctions.
Varicose apple vinegar treatment veins. However, it is impossible to cure such disease with popular recipes to relieve quite real symptoms, especially in the initial development stage. For this, apple cider vinegar is used for wrapping, cleaning, for oral administration or for compresses.
How to avoid the disease?
A sedentary lifestyle, standing work, pregnancy is a greater burden, as a result of which a disease such as varicose veins is developed.
Varicosis in women is the same problem as cellulite, so special creams, lotions, compression stockings and lymphatic drainage were developed to combat it.
According to statistics, varicose veins in men are extremely rare, and even if it develops much more slowly.
Can I practice sports?
Varicosis and race are two factors that always walk nearby. The most effective prevention of the expansion of the veins of any of the stages is the constant physical effort: running, gymnastics, several strength exercises in the legs, bicycle, etc.
There are a number of simple exercises to improve blood flow and prevent varicose veins:
- The rotation of the foot in a schedule 20 times in each direction.
- Work with the fingers. Extend and touch fingers 20 times.
- Be in socks, then in the heels, and after rolling from the heels to the socks and returning 20-30 times.